3. Pears

Pears

In this part of the tutorial we will add a PickupPearGoal and let the agent pickup pears if it comes close to them.

Creating the classes

Let's start by boiler plating the files that we need. Use the generator to create the following files:
- Goals: PickupPearGoal, EatGoal
- Actions: PickupPearAction, EatAction
- WorldKeys: PearCount, Hunger
- TargetKeys: ClosestPear
We will implement the classes in a bit, first let's make sure that we know what pears are. Create a new class called PearBehaviour in the Behaviours folder and add the following code:

PearBehaviour.cs

using UnityEngine;

namespace CrashKonijn.Docs.GettingStarted.Behaviours
{
    public class PearBehaviour : MonoBehaviour
    {
    }
}

In our scene, create a new GameObject using GameObject > 3D Object > Sphere. Rename the object to Pear and add the PearBehaviour component to it. Pears are generally smaller than agents, so let's adjust the scale to 0.5 on all axes. You can remove the collider as we won't need it.
Let's create a new material for the pear. Right-click in the Assets folder and select Create > Material. Rename the material to PearMaterial and change the color to a nice yellow/green. Drag the material onto the Pear object.
In the GettingStarted folder let's create a new folder called Prefabs. Drag the Pear object into this folder to create a prefab.
Let's duplicate the pear a couple of times in the scene and place them in different locations. Please make sure al your pears are on 0 on the y-axis of their positions.
For these actions we need data that represents the PearCount and Hunger values. The source of truth for these values must be our own MonoBehaviours. Let's create a script called DataBehaviour in the Behaviours folder and add the following code:

DataBehaviour.cs

using System;
using UnityEngine;

namespace CrashKonijn.Docs.GettingStarted.Behaviours
{
    public class DataBehaviour : MonoBehaviour
    {
        public int pearCount = 0;
        public float hunger = 0f;
        
        private void Update()
        {
            // For simplicity, we will increase the hunger over time in this class.
            this.hunger += Time.deltaTime * 5f;
        }
    }
}

Add the new DataBehaviour to the Agent object in the scene.
Create the sensors required for the PearCount and ClosestPear keys. This time we'll use something called a MultiSensor. This sensor can provide multiple keys at once. Create a new class called PearSensor in the Sensors folder and inherit from MultiSensorBase.

PearSensor.cs

using System.Collections.Generic;
using CrashKonijn.Docs.GettingStarted.Behaviours;
using CrashKonijn.Goap.Runtime;
using UnityEngine;

namespace CrashKonijn.Docs.GettingStarted.Sensors
{
    // Defining a GoapId is only necessary when using the ScriptableObject configuration method.
    [GoapId("PearSensor-d68c875d-29c0-43f3-9d79-054d4cc6505d")]
    public class PearSensor : MultiSensorBase
    {
        // A cache of all the pears in the world
        private PearBehaviour[] pears;

        // You must use the constructor to register all the sensors
        // This can also be called outside of the gameplay loop to validate the configuration
        public PearSensor()
        {
            this.AddLocalWorldSensor<PearCount>((agent, references) =>
            {
                // Get a cached reference to the DataBehaviour on the agent
                var data = references.GetCachedComponent<DataBehaviour>();

                return data.pearCount;
            });

            this.AddLocalWorldSensor<Hunger>((agent, references) =>
            {
                // Get a cached reference to the DataBehaviour on the agent
                var data = references.GetCachedComponent<DataBehaviour>();

                // We need to cast the float to an int, because the hunger is an int
                // We will lose the decimal values, but we don't need them for this example
                return (int) data.hunger;
            });

            this.AddLocalTargetSensor<ClosestPear>((agent, references, target) =>
            {
                // Use the cashed pears list to find the closest pear
                var closestPear = this.Closest(this.pears, agent.Transform.position);

                if (closestPear == null)
                    return null;

                // If the target is a transform target, set the target to the closest pear
                if (target is TransformTarget transformTarget)
                    return transformTarget.SetTransform(closestPear.transform);

                return new TransformTarget(closestPear.transform);
            });
        }

        // The Created method is called when the sensor is created
        // This can be used to gather references to objects in the scene
        public override void Created() { }

        // This method is equal to the Update method of a local sensor.
        // It can be used to cache data, like gathering a list of all pears in the scene.
        public override void Update()
        {
            this.pears = Object.FindObjectsOfType<PearBehaviour>();
        }

        // Returns the closest item in a list
        private T Closest<T>(IEnumerable<T> list, Vector3 position)
            where T : MonoBehaviour
        {
            T closest = null;
            var closestDistance = float.MaxValue; // Start with the largest possible distance

            foreach (var item in list)
            {
                var distance = Vector3.Distance(item.gameObject.transform.position, position);

                if (!(distance < closestDistance))
                    continue;

                closest = item;
                closestDistance = distance;
            }

            return closest;
        }
    }
}

Editing the PickupPearAction

Let's implement the PickupPearAction so it actually performs the action of picking up a pear.

PickupPearAction.cs

using CrashKonijn.Agent.Core;
using CrashKonijn.Agent.Runtime;
using CrashKonijn.Docs.GettingStarted.Behaviours;
using CrashKonijn.Goap.Runtime;
using UnityEngine;

namespace CrashKonijn.Docs.GettingStarted.Actions
{
    [GoapId("PickupPear-06ef21a4-059b-4314-800a-e7c2622637fb")]
    public class PickupPearAction : GoapActionBase<PickupPearAction.Data>
    {
        // This method is called every frame while the action is running
        public override IActionRunState Perform(IMonoAgent agent, Data data, IActionContext context)
        {
            // Instead of using a timer, we can use the Wait ActionRunState.
            // The system will wait for the specified time before completing the action
            // Whilst waiting, the Perform method won't be called again
            return ActionRunState.WaitThenComplete(0.5f);
        }

        // This method is called when the action is completed
        public override void Complete(IMonoAgent agent, Data data)
        {
            if (data.Target is not TransformTarget transformTarget)
                return;
            
            data.DataBehaviour.pearCount++;
            GameObject.Destroy(transformTarget.Transform.gameObject);
        }

        // The action class itself must be stateless!
        // All data should be stored in the data class
        public class Data : IActionData
        {
            public ITarget Target { get; set; }
            
            // When using the GetComponent attribute, the system will automatically inject the reference
            [GetComponent]
            public DataBehaviour DataBehaviour { get; set; }
        }
    }
}

Configuring the PickupPearGoal

In the Capabilities folder let's create the PearCapability class and add the following code:

PearCapability.cs

using CrashKonijn.Docs.GettingStarted.Actions;
using CrashKonijn.Goap.Core;
using CrashKonijn.Goap.Runtime;

namespace CrashKonijn.Docs.GettingStarted.Capabilities
{
    public class PearCapability : CapabilityFactoryBase
    {
        public override ICapabilityConfig Create()
        {
            var builder = new CapabilityBuilder("PearCapability");

            builder.AddGoal<PickupPearGoal>()
                .AddCondition<PearCount>(Comparison.GreaterThanOrEqual, 3);
            
            builder.AddAction<PickupPearAction>()
                .AddEffect<PearCount>(EffectType.Increase)
                .SetTarget<ClosestPear>();

            builder.AddMultiSensor<PearSensor>();

            return builder.Build();
        }
    }
}

Edit the DemoAgentTypeFactory and add the PearCapability to the list of capabilities.

DemoAgentTypeFactory.cs

factory.AddCapability<PearCapability>();

In the Capabilities folder create a new CapabilityConfig asset and name it PearCapability.
Add a new Goal, select the PickupPearGoal and add a condition of PearCount GreaterThanOrEqual 3.
Add a new Action, select the PickupPearAction and add an effect of PearCount Increase. Set the target to ClosestPear.
Add a new MultiSensor and select the PearSensor.
Select the DemoAgentTypeConfig and add the PearCapability to the list of capabilities.

Adding the PickupPearGoal to the brain.

Adjust the RequestGoal call in our BrainBehaviour to include the PickupPearGoal.

BrainBehaviour.cs

this.provider.RequestGoal<IdleGoal, PickupPearGoal>();

Start the scene and watch the agent pickup pears when it comes close enough!

You graph should now look like this:

Adding the EatGoal and EatAction

Adjusting the EatAction

Let's adjust the EatAction to consume the pears that the agent has picked up.

EatAction.cs

using CrashKonijn.Agent.Core;
using CrashKonijn.Agent.Runtime;
using CrashKonijn.Docs.GettingStarted.Behaviours;
using CrashKonijn.Goap.Runtime;

namespace CrashKonijn.Docs.GettingStarted.Actions
{
    [GoapId("Eat-b235695c-727b-41a5-aa66-4757ce65719d")]
    public class EatAction : GoapActionBase<EatAction.Data>
    {
        // This method is called every frame while the action is running
        public override IActionRunState Perform(IMonoAgent agent, Data data, IActionContext context)
        {
            // Instead of using a timer, we can use the Wait ActionRunState.
            // The system will wait for the specified time before completing the action
            // Whilst waiting, the Perform method won't be called again
            return ActionRunState.WaitThenComplete(5f);
        }

        // This method is called when the action is completed
        public override void Complete(IMonoAgent agent, Data data)
        {
            data.DataBehaviour.pearCount--;
            data.DataBehaviour.hunger = 0f;
        }

        // The action class itself must be stateless!
        // All data should be stored in the data class
        public class Data : IActionData
        {
            public ITarget Target { get; set; }
            
            // When using the GetComponent attribute, the system will automatically inject the reference
            [GetComponent]
            public DataBehaviour DataBehaviour { get; set; }
        }
    }
}

Creating the EatCapability

This is your time to shine, create a new capability called EatCapability that uses the EatGoal and EatAction.

EatGoal
   Conditions
      - Hunger <= 0
      
EatAction
   Effects
      - Hunger--
   Conditions
      - PearCount >= 1
   Target: none
   RequiresTarget: false

Add the capability to you agent type.

Adjusting the brain

Let's adjust the BrainBehaviour to include the EatGoal when the hunger is higher than 50!

BrainBehaviour.cs

using System;
using CrashKonijn.Agent.Core;
using CrashKonijn.Agent.Runtime;
using CrashKonijn.Goap.Runtime;
using UnityEngine;

namespace CrashKonijn.Docs.GettingStarted.Behaviours
{
    public class BrainBehaviour : MonoBehaviour
    {
        private AgentBehaviour agent;
        private GoapActionProvider provider;
        private GoapBehaviour goap;
        private DataBehaviour data;
        
        private void Awake()
        {
            this.goap = FindObjectOfType<GoapBehaviour>();
            this.agent = this.GetComponent<AgentBehaviour>();
            this.provider = this.GetComponent<GoapActionProvider>();
            this.data = this.GetComponent<DataBehaviour>();
            
            // This only applies sto the code demo
            if (this.provider.AgentTypeBehaviour == null)
                this.provider.AgentType = this.goap.GetAgentType("DemoAgent");
        }

        private void Start()
        {
            this.provider.RequestGoal<IdleGoal, PickupPearGoal>();
        }

        private void OnEnable()
        {
            this.agent.Events.OnActionEnd += this.OnActionEnd;
        }

        private void OnDisable()
        {
            this.agent.Events.OnActionEnd -= this.OnActionEnd;
        }

        private void OnActionEnd(IAction action)
        {
            if (this.data.hunger > 50)
            {
                this.provider.RequestGoal<EatGoal>();
                return;
            }
            
            this.provider.RequestGoal<IdleGoal, PickupPearGoal>();
        }
    }
}

A mixed graph

Play the scene and watch the agent eat the pears when it's hungry!

Your graph should now look like this. As you can see the actions of the different capabilities are mixed into a single graph. The PickupPearAction can now also be performed when the EatGoal is active.

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